This information applies to England, Wales and Scotland and Northern Ireland
The law in England, Wales and Scotland says that you can have an abortion in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy as long as certain rules are met. You will be able to get an abortion on the NHS if you get the agreement of two doctors. They must be certain that the abortion meets the rules. Usually the first doctor is your GP and the second is a doctor working at the hospital or clinic where the abortion takes place. Legal abortions are available to women in Northern Ireland only in very limited circumstances.
You can get general advice and information about getting an abortion from your GP or family planning clinics.
Help is also available from voluntary organisations, for example, the British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS), which runs its own clinics in England, Wales and Scotland (
www.bpas.org.uk). Some abortions at a BPAS clinic are paid for by the NHS. This depends on where you live. You can get more information on the BPAS website at: www.bpas.org.uk. The website has information in a range of community languages, including Spanish, Polish and Punjabi.
If you cannot get the abortion on the NHS, you'll have to pay privately. The price depends on how many weeks pregnant you are and which method is used to carry out the abortion.
For more information about abortions on the NHS, visit the NHS Direct website in England at www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk. In Wales, visit the NHS Direct website at www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk. In Scotland, go to www.nhs24.com. Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Some forms of alternative medicine (also known as complementary medicine) are available through the NHS from certain GPs and hospitals. Therapies which may be available through the NHS are acupuncture, osteopathy, homeopathy and chiropractic.
Ambulances provide both emergency and routine transport for NHS patients. Emergency ambulances can be contacted through the emergency telephone service (999). Ambulances for routine journeys can be arranged through GPs or hospitals or, in Northern Ireland, through the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service.
Breast cancer screening is available on the NHS at three-yearly intervals if you are a woman aged between 50 and 64. If you are a woman aged over 64, you can be screened on request. Contact your GP for more information. For more information about NHS breast cancer screening, visit the NHS Direct website in England www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk or in Wales www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk. In Scotland, go to the NHS e-library at: www.elib.scot.nhs.uk and search for breast cancer.
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Cervical screening is available on the NHS every three to five years if you are a woman aged between 20 and 64. If you are a woman over 64, you can be screened on request. Contact your GP for more information. For more information about NHS cervical screening, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk). In Scotland, go to the NHS e-library at: www.elib.scot.nhs.uk and search for cervical screening.
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Contraceptive advice and supplies are available free on the NHS through GPs and family planning clinics.
You can get emergency contraception, for example, the morning-after pill, from your GP, family planning clinics, most NHS walk-in centres and some pharmacies.
Free advice and supplies are also available from some voluntary organisations, for example, the British Pregnancy Advisory Service (www.bpas.org.uk).
For more information about contraception, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk). In Scotland, go to www.nhs24.com.
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Chiropody may be available on the NHS free of charge, although this depends on your Primary Care Trust (PCT), or local NHS Board in Scotland. Each case is assessed on an individual basis and whether you get free treatment depends on how serious your condition is and your risk factor. If your health or mobility is not affected, you are considered to be ‘low-risk’ and you may not get NHS chiropody. If you have diabetes, you are treated as a high priority case. You must normally be referred to a chiropodist by a GP or clinic. If you do not qualify for NHS treatment, you will need to arrange private treatment.
For more information about NHS chiropody, visit the NHS Direct website in England at: www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk or in Wales at: www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk. In Scotland, go to the NHS e-library in Scotland at: www.elib.scot.nhs.uk.
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
For more information, in England and Wales, about finding private health care, see Private health treatment, in Health fact sheets.
If you are elderly, disabled, or mentally ill, you may need help to continue living at home. For example, you may need someone to come in and help with personal things like washing and dressing. Or you might need help with cooking or shopping. The NHS does not provide these services. In England and Wales, they are provided by social services. In Scotland, they are provided by the social work department. In Northern Ireland, they are provided by the Health and Social Services Trusts.
However, if you need nursing care, this should be provided by the NHS. For example, your GP can arrange for a district nurse to visit you (see under heading District nurses).
If you have been in hospital, you should not be discharged until you have had an assessment of your continuing health care needs and, where necessary, of your community care needs. A doctor may decide, for example, that you need a package of health and social care to be able to return home.
If you are discharged from hospital needing a high level of continuing health care, this should be provided and funded by the NHS. This could be provided in a hospital, a care home, a hospice or in your own home.
For more information about community care, see Community care.
Some GP practices provide free counselling services on the NHS. Contact your GP for more information.
For more information about counselling, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
You can get a list of dentists who provide NHS treatment from health authorities in England, health boards and local health councils in Scotland and Health and Social Services Boards in Northern Ireland. You can also get contact details of a local NHS dentist in England and Wales from NHS Direct or the Health Information Service for Northern Ireland.
You have to pay for NHS dental treatment, although some groups of people may get free treatment.
For more information about free dental treatment, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs. For more information, in England and Wales, about NHS dental treatment, see NHS dental treatment in Health fact sheets.
District nurses are nurses employed by the NHS to provide nursing care for patients who are living at home. For example, they can change dressings or give injections. They are based at GP surgeries and health centres and can also be contacted through local community nursing offices.
For more information about district nurses in England and Wales, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Everyone is entitled to be registered with a GP. For help in finding a GP, contact your local health authority. In England and Wales you can also get help from NHS Direct. In Northern Ireland, contact the Health Information Service for Northern Ireland.
As well as providing health advice and treatment, GPs provide check-ups, take cervical smears, give vaccinations against infectious diseases (immunisations) and sign certificates for people unable to work because of illness. Many GPs also provide health promotion clinics, contraceptive services, minor surgery, counselling, maternity services and medical examinations for insurance and other purposes (for which they may make a charge).
For more information about GPs, see NHS patients’ rights.
Prisoners should have access to the same range and quality of health services, including mental health services, as the general public receives from the NHS.
Health visitors provide support through the NHS for families with children under five and for older patients. They are normally based at GP surgeries.
See under heading Terminal care.
Most NHS hospital admissions and appointments take place through referrals by GPs. You can go to the Accident and Emergency department without a referral. You can also go to a special clinic for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases without a referral.
For more information about your rights in hospital, see NHS Patients’ rights.
See under heading Vaccinations.
If you need infertility treatment, and your GP refers you to a specialist for further tests, the NHS will pay for this. You have the right to be referred to a NHS clinic for a first investigation. However, infertility treatment is not widely available on the NHS and there can be long waiting lists. The treatment available also depends where you live and what the problem is. Your GP will tell if you are eligible for NHS treatment.
For more information about infertility treatment, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Antenatal and postnatal care is available through the NHS from GPs, midwives and hospitals. It may be possible to have a home birth in some areas. You must be prepared to transfer from home into hospital if complications arise during labour or delivery.
If you are pregnant, you get free prescriptions and dental treatment from the time when the pregnancy is confirmed until one year after the birth.
For more information about free prescriptions and dental treatment, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs.
If you are on a low income, you might also get other help if you are pregnant, for example, vouchers to help with the cost of milk, fruit or vegetables. If you are under 18 and pregnant, you can get this help whatever your income.
For more information about help if you are on a low income, see Help with health, education and legal costs.
The NHS Minor Ailment Service allows pharmacists to provide treatment for a range of minor illnesses and complaints, free of charge, to anyone who is exempt from prescription charges (including children).
To use the Minor Ailment Service you must be registered with a GP surgery in Scotland, exempt from paying prescription charges and not living in a nursing or residential care home. Before using the service, you need to register at a community pharmacy and provide details of your name, date of birth, gender, postcode and evidence of your exemption from prescription charges.
More information on the Minor Ailment Service is available from the NHS Helpline on 0800 22 44 88.
You can get a number of NHS services if you are an older person. For example, GPs should offer annual health checks to patients aged 75 and over. Help is available from health visitors and district nurses - see under heading Community care.
Optometrists carry out eye tests to check the quality of your sight. They look for signs of eye disease which may need treatment from a doctor or eye surgeon and they prescribe and fit glasses and contact lenses. Opticians fit and sell glasses but they do not test eyes. They can give you advice on types of lens, such as single vision or bifocal and help you to choose frames. If you go to a high-street opticians, you'll have your eyes tested by an optometrist but you do not have to buy your glasses there. You could take an optometrist's prescription to an optician who will sell you the glasses you need.
You have to pay for eye tests, glasses and contact lenses. But some people can get free eye tests and vouchers towards the cost of glasses or contact lenses. This includes:-
For more information about who can get free optical treatment, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs.
Pharmacists (also known as chemists) are responsible for dispensing medicines. They can also provide free information and advice about many common medical problems.
For information about whether you have to pay for prescriptions you get at the chemists, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs.
Physiotherapy is physical treatment that helps you regain use of your body after an injury or disease. It is also used to slow the progression of long-term conditions. It is available through the NHS to patients referred for treatment by GPs or hospitals.
For more about physiotherapy, visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Doctors, dentists and some nurses can prescribe a range of drugs and appliances on the NHS. They can normally only prescribe a limited quantity of a drug at any time (usually one month’s supply).
For information about who can get free prescriptions, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs.
Health checks on school children are carried out by the school nurse. These tests include tests on hearing, sight and growth. Parents have the right to be present at these checks. School nurses also provide health education and general advice on managing health problems in school.
The NHS provides special clinics to treat sexually transmitted diseases and genito-urinary infections. They are usually called GUM clinics, but may also be called the sexual health centre or department. Most clinics are based in hospitals. You do not need to be referred by your GP.
For information about your nearest sexual health clinic, contact NHS Direct in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk). In Northern Ireland, contact the Health Information Service (phone 0800 665544).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Some people can use substances such as alcohol or drugs on a regular basis without any problems. Other people experience damaging psychological and physical effects as their habit turns into an addiction. There are many different organisations that provide treatment, support and advice for people with addictions. You could choose to consult your GP first, but help is also available from community addiction centres where you can drop in without an appointment. Treatment and support is provided from a range of different people, including specialist nurses, counsellors and psychiatrists.
For more information about alcohol misuse, go to www.nhs.uk. A Government agency called Alcohol Concern has a website which contains a lot of useful information and links, go to www.alcoholconcern.org.uk.
For more information about drug misuse, go to www.nhs.uk.
Terminal care (sometimes called palliative care) is the treatment of symptoms where cure is no longer considered an option, in other words, when someone is dying. Terminal care concentrates on:-
NHS terminal care may be given in hospital or at home. There are also a number of NHS hospices providing care for patients as well as hospices run by voluntary organisations.
For information about how to find a hospice, visit the website of Hospice Information (www.hospiceinformation.info).
You may be able to get essential travel costs paid to and from hospital for NHS treatment, for example, if you are on a low income or getting benefits like Income Support, income-related Employment and Support Allowance, the guarantee part of Pension Credit or income-based Jobseeker's Allowance.
For more information about help with health costs, in England, Wales and Scotland see Help with health costs, in Northern Ireland see Help with health costs.
Vaccinations (also called immunisation) protect you against different infectious diseases. The NHS provides vaccinations for children and some adults. A charge may be made for vaccinations needed for overseas travel.
For more information about vaccinations, contact your GP or visit the NHS Direct website in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
Walk-in centres are NHS centres in England and Wales, staffed by nurses. You can go there without an appointment. They will treat minor illnesses, for example, coughs, colds, and infections, as well as minor injuries like strains, sprains and cuts. They provide information about all other local health services, including pharmacies, dental services and out-of-hours GP services.
For the address of your nearest walk-in centre, contact NHS Direct in England (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk) or in Wales (www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk).
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
In England, NHS Direct and NHS Choices have joined forces to provide a single online source of health information and services. NHS Direct provides health advice and information and NHS Choices promotes well-being and informed decision-making about health-care providers. NHS continues to provide a telephone service for the public on: 0845 4647. The website for both services is: www.nhs.uk.
In Wales, the website for NHS Direct is www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk. The phone number is 0845 4647.
In Scotland, health advice and support is available from NHS 24 at www.nhs24.com or by phone on 0845 424 24 24. Further information about NHS services is available from the NHS Scotland freefone line 0800 224488 and from the e-libray at www.elib.scot.nhs.uk. Go to the sections about patient information and guidelines on treatment.
Information is available on these websites in a range of community languages and different formats, for example, in audio format.
In Northern Ireland, further information about NHS Services is available from the Health Information Service on 0800 665544.
Disclaimer, copyright and privacy policy, Copyright © 2009 Citizens Advice. All rights reserved.
Citizens Advice is an operating name of the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux.
